Therefore, qualitative studies should be conducted to investigate the beneficial influence of spore-forming probiotics on the poultry industry ( 14). However, some studied Bacillus probiotics did not positively impact the above-mentioned parameters ( 14, 20, 21). The beneficial effects of Bacillus probiotics in the poultry industry include improving (i) egg quality and production rate, (ii) body weight (BW), (iii) average daily weight gain (ADWG), (iv) feed intake (FI), (v) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and (vi) meat and sperm quality ( 14– 19). Some authors suggest that spore-forming probiotics, especially Bacillus species, have advantages over other probiotics due to their encapsulation ability which is associated with their survival and colonization in the digestive tract ( 13, 14). Experiments with a simulated gastrointestinal tract model showed that cells under these conditions are metabolically active ( 11, 12). It has been reported that the spores of many Bacillus strains germinate and proliferate in the intestine of animals ( 4– 8) and can sporulate in the lower intestine ( 9, 10). Spore-forming probiotics that are beneficial for animals have been reported as being isolated from soil ( 1), aquatic systems ( 2), and other sources, such as fermented dairy products ( 3).
We concluded that Bacillus subtilis KB54 supplementation had the largest positive impact on broilers' health and growth performance. When Bacillus subtilis KB41 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54 were applied, the most significant immune modulation was noticed through the promotion of IL-6 and IL-10. Treatment with Bacillus subtilis KB54 showed a significant improvement in growth performance compared to other treated groups. Our data showed that all probiotics except Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 colonized the intestines. Four groups received a standard diet supplemented with the studied bacilli for 42 days, and one group with no supplements was used as a control. Two hundred newly hatched Cobb500 broiler chickens were randomly divided into five groups ( n = 40). Their potential effects on broiler health, growth performance, and the immune system were evaluated in vivo. In addition to the previously reported poultry probiotic Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933, three strains with antimutagenic and antioxidant properties Bacillus subtilis KB16, Bacillus subtilis KB41, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54, were investigated.
In this study, we focused on three probiotic strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chickens bred in different housing types. One promising strategy for discovering Bacillus probiotics is selecting strains from the microbiota of healthy chickens and subsequent screening for potential biological activity. Probiotics are known for their beneficial effects on poultry health and wellbeing. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia 5Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, Bridgeton, NJ, United States.4Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq.3ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.2Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.1Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.Chistyakov 1,2, Ammar Algburi 4, Richard M.
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